El Greco (Domenikos Theotokopoulos) – Madonna and Child with Saint Martina and Saint Agnes National Gallery of Art (Washington)

The composition presents a vertical arrangement dominated by figures set against a turbulent celestial backdrop. A central female figure, draped in elaborate blue and red robes, holds a child within her arms. The child gazes outward with a directness that draws the viewers attention. Flanking this maternal grouping are two winged entities, their presence suggesting divine accompaniment or guardianship.
Below, two male figures occupy the lower portion of the canvas. One is clad in yellow and holds a staff; at his feet lies a lion, seemingly subdued. The other figure wears red robes and cradles a lamb. Both men appear to be gesturing upwards towards the central group, their expressions conveying reverence or supplication.
The background is rendered with swirling brushstrokes of blue, white, and grey, creating an impression of dynamic movement and ethereal light. A golden glow emanates from behind the central figure, intensifying her prominence within the scene. Several small, indistinct forms resembling doves are scattered around the lower portion, adding to the sense of spiritual significance.
The artist’s use of elongated figures and dramatic lighting contributes to a heightened emotional intensity. The color palette is rich and vibrant, with the blues and reds creating a striking contrast against the lighter tones of the background. The arrangement of the figures suggests a hierarchical structure, with the central female figure representing a source of divine grace or authority. The inclusion of the two male saints, along with their symbolic animals – the lion representing strength and the lamb symbolizing innocence – hints at themes of faith, sacrifice, and protection. The overall effect is one of profound religious devotion conveyed through an expressive and somewhat unsettling visual language.