Realism of Russian composers Automatic translate

The Russian Musical Society was founded in 1859 on the initiative of the pianist and composer A.G. Rubinshtein. It aimed at making “good music accessible to large masses of the public,” as critic V. V. Stasov defined. In St. Petersburg (1862), and then in Moscow (1866), conservatories were opened. A brilliant teacher and popularizer of musical culture was the composer M.A. Balakirev, them in the early 1860s. a free music school was opened, and in the 1870s. Russian choral society created.

Democratic ideas of the 60s. got their development in the group of composers “The Mighty Handful”. The members M.A. Balakirev, A.P. Borodin, M.P. Musorgsky, N.A. Rimsky-Korsakov, and C. A. Cui advocated nationality and realism in music.

Close to the "Mighty Handful" was the work of P. I. Tchaikovsky (1840-1893). He entered the history of music as the greatest composer, who raised Russian symphonic works, ballet, opera, chamber music to an unprecedented height. P.I. Tchaikovsky not only subtly expressed the spiritual world of man, but was also a great singer of nature. He wrote 6 symphonies, 5 suites, 4 cantatas, 3 concerts, 106 pieces for piano, 104 romances; operas Eugene Onegin, Queen of Spades, Mazepa, and others; the ballets Swan Lake, Sleeping Beauty, The Nutcracker.

But Russian musical art needed to defend its positions before officials who preferred foreign music. Under pressure from the public in 1882, a theatrical reform was carried out, which facilitated the penetration of Russian music on the stage of theaters. In the same year, Italian opera ceased its permanent activities in St. Petersburg. In addition to the Bolshoi and Mariinsky theaters, a prominent role in the 1890s. Moscow Private Opera by S.I. Mamontov began to play, promoting the realism of Russian composers.