English painters Automatic translate

Our life seems impossible without art. She really takes an important place in our daily life. Art not only gives us pleasure and entertainment, but is also a conduit for culture and education. Art penetrates into all spheres and aspects of our life and makes it brighter, richer and more intelligent. People love and know different types of art. Some of them are fond of painting. Others have a special love for music or a passion for literature. But we all cannot help but admire the paintings of such great artists as Thomas Gainsborough, Rembrandt and others.

So, Art unites different people, affects the development of personality, makes our inner world richer, feels our soul with different feelings. It makes us stronger, strengthens us in difficult situations.

Time flies, art is eternal.

Painting in England began to develop later than in other European countries. This is why some of the greatest foreign masters were attracted to England by the titles of nobility bestowed upon them. Holbein, Antonio More, Rubens, Van Dyck were almost English painters for more or less extended periods of their lives.

Sir Anthony van Dyck (1599-1641), who married the daughter of an English lord and died in London, is considered the father of the English portrait school. He worked at the court of Charles I and was an extremely hardworking artist. His most famous works: "Self-portrait", "Portrait of Charles I".

But only in William Hogarth (1697-1764) we find a truly English artist. Hogarth was the son of a printer, an uneducated but curious observer of people and manners. His first work dates back to 1730. Among his best works are Captain Coram, Shrimp Girl, and the series Marriage Mode.

His paintings of public life brought him fame and position in society. One of his series "Marriage Mode" consists of 6 films. The "marriage contract" is the first thing.

Both fathers sit on the right. One of them, the count, proudly points to his family tree. Another reads the marriage contract. The count’s son looks at himself with pleasure in the mirror. The second man’s daughter plays with her wedding ring and listens to the young lawyer’s compliments. The theme of the picture is a protest against marriage for money and vanity. Other pictures in this series have the same theme. Hogarth was convinced that his success came through hard work. He wrote: "Genius is nothing, work is diligence."

Sir Joshua Reynolds (1723-1792) was one of the foremost English portrait painters who had a significant impact on his contemporaries. In a short time, he made significant progress. In 1755, in the midst of his career, he painted 120 portraits. When the Royal Academy of Arts was founded in 1768, he naturally became its first president. In 1784 he became the king’s chief artist. He was a highly educated person, an excellent colorist. Its colors are difficult to judge today because they were not scientifically applied. This is why many of his paintings are cracked and broken. Among his best works are Cupid, Tireless in the Venus Zone and Mrs. Siddons. They are well known all over the world. For 20 years he was the most prominent artist of his time, even in the face of the rising Gainsborough.

Thomas Gainsborough (1727-1788) excelled as a portrait painter. Society went to him for portraits. A good amateur violinist and lover of drama, he was an artistic person by nature. Joshua Reynolds and Thomas Gainsborough created the national type of English portrait. His style of painting differs from that of Reynolds. Famous portraits of actors, actresses and close friends of Thomas Gainsborough. One of his greatest friends was Richard Sheridan, a playwright whose portrait belongs to one of the artist’s finest paintings. Even in his portraits, Thomas Gainsborough is an outsider artist. In the background of his portraits, rural landscapes are often clearly visible. He was one of the first to be elected to the newly created London Academy of Arts. Thomas Gainsborough is known as an excellent female artist. "Portrait of the Duchess de Boeufou",Mrs Siddons, Two Daughters are some of his best works.

His portraits are painted in clean colors, dominated by blue and gray. One of his best paintings is the famous "Blue Boy". His other masterpiece is "Portrait of the Duchess de Boeufou".

We see a young noble woman, her charming face full of freshness and cheerfulness. The charm of her facial expression and coloring are characteristic of the artists’ style. Her calm posture, grace of hand gesture emphasize her nobility. Outwardly, we can see that in this portrait, Gainsborough followed the rules of traditional ceremonial portraits. But this is not the case. The woman’s parted lips, the timid gesture of her hand help create a true impression of the nanny.

The artist has a wonderful sense of color, line and composition. He uses light and shadow emotionally. The painting is done mainly in light colors on a dark background. The painting is dominated by numerous shades of blue. The combination of vibrant pinks on her face and body contrasts with the grays and blues on her tousled hair, dress and neck. It gives an impression of freshness and beauty. Gainsborough skillfully depicts the details of her dress. The woman is graceful and charming.

The painting celebrates the idea of ​​female beauty. She is exhibited at the Hermitage in St. Petersburg.

Thomas Gainsborough was a major influence on the English school of landscape painting. He was one of the first English painters to paint his native land. His subtle understanding of nature is especially felt in the paintings where he depicted peasants. His best landscapes are: "Waterhole" and "Harvest Wagon". Both are on display at the National Gallery.

Other landscapes include Sunset, Market Card and Cottage Door. His great love for the countryside and his ability to show it made him an innovator in the field. He was the first English artist to paint his native village so sincerely.

Thomas Lawrence (1768-1839) was a painter of kings, princes, great diplomats and generals. All of this is presented in large, fully clothed portraits painted with grace. His portrait of Vorontsov (1821) is an example of a brilliant official portrait. The portrait depicts a young general, a brilliant fashion man, but this does not characterize his nature

Landscape is another glory of English art, because in it, English art has also risen to the highest heights. John Constable (1776-1837) is one of the most prominent painters who created his own style of painting. He considered a sketch made directly from life to be the first task of a landscape painter. He introduced the color green into his painting: the green of the trees, the green of the summer, all the green that other artists had refused to see until now. He made quick sketches based on his first impressions of the natural beauty. John Constable used broken strokes of color. His work is important as the beginning of the Impressionist school.

He was the son of a wealthy Miller. He became interested in landscape painting while attending Dedham High School. His father did not favor art as a profession, and the constable worked almost secretly as a child, painting in the cottage of a local plumber, who was himself an amateur artist by nature. The constable dropped out of school to work in his father’s business. In his spare time, he was engaged in painting. His keen artistic interest was so strong that his father allowed him to visit London, where he began to study drawing. After 2 years in London, he returned to his father’s business for a year. The year spent at his father’s mill was very important for him. He learned to follow the sky with Melnik’s precision, to notice the direction of the wind, the meaning of the clouds. In 1799, the constable entered the Royal Academy School in London.

In his paintings, the artist showed a new height above nature. He refused to study the works of famous landscape painters and decided to go to the village and paint nature as he saw it.

Constable depicted nature in his own realistic style, he was the first artist to draw sketches that were as large as paintings. He managed to show the inner life of nature. John Constable’s pioneering influenced the development of French landscape painting.

In 1826, when he was 50, he showed several landscapes at the Paris Salon. Among them was the famous Haymaking, painted in 1821, for which the painter was awarded a gold medal. He was elected to the Royal Academy in 1829, but he felt that the honor came too late in life to make much sense. Among his best landscapes are Flatford Mill, Valley Farm, Hay Wayne, Flatford Mill, Cottage Door, Dedham Valley, Cornfield, etc.

William Joseph Turner (1774-1851) was the greatest English romantic, landscape and marine painter. He was the son of a fashionable hairdresser who began painting and painting at an early age. His father sold the boys’ drawings to his customers and thus earned money to teach the boys art. At the age of 14, he entered the Royal Academy School. His watercolors were exhibited at the Royal Academy when he was only 15 years old. At the age of 18, he opened his own studio and received an order to make drawings for magazines. For several years he roamed Wales and West England. Since Turner never married, he dedicated his life to art. Visitors were rarely allowed into his house, and no one saw him at work. He loved his paintings as a man loves his children. At the age of 27, he was elected Royal Academician.From that time on, his paintings began to be in great demand and brought in good money. He spent the last years of his life in a small cottage in Chelsea.

He liked to watch the sunrise and sunset. They say that just an hour before his death, he ordered a chair to be rolled up to the window in order to take one last look at the sun shining over the river.

During his life, Turner created several hundred paintings and several thousand watercolors and drawings. After his death, his entire collection of paintings and drawings was bequeathed to the people. They are on display at the National Gallery and the Tate Gallery in London. Some of his famous paintings: "The Fighting Temerer", "Rain, Steam and Speed", "Light and Color", "Fisherman at Sea" and others.

William Turner devoted most of his paintings to the sea. He was a sailor and the sea swallowed him. He gave his seas mass and wave, as well as movement. Its waves seem to be alive.

Calais Pier is one of his greatest creations. The picture of the storm in him is real and impressive. In the center of the picture is a boat with people in it. All figures are living individuals. Distant objects in the picture fell into darkness, drawing our attention to the people in the boat. Those looking at the painting can smell the water and hear the cry of the wind. Color as well as tone in William Turner’s paintings produce the effect of sunlight.

The name of William Turner is known primarily to other landscape painters.

So if portraiture is one of the splendors of English art, then landscape is another: in both directions it has risen to the highest heights.

Kruglov Evgeniy | etxt