French or Flemish – Perseus turning the Followers of Phineus into Stone Part 2 National Gallery UK

The composition presents a scene of violent transformation and divine intervention within what appears to be a palatial setting. A central figure, draped in crimson fabric, dominates the foreground, his posture suggesting both command and exertion. He is positioned amidst a chaotic throng of figures, many of whom are depicted in various states of petrification – their bodies rendered as lifeless stone.
The artist has arranged the scene to emphasize the dramatic impact of the event. The fallen figures form a dense layer across the lower portion of the canvas, creating a visual weight that underscores the scale of destruction. Their expressions and postures range from terror to resignation, conveying the suddenness and horror of their fate. A woman in white lies near the central figure, her pose suggesting vulnerability and perhaps a connection to the unfolding tragedy.
Above this scene of devastation, a winged female figure descends from an upper balcony. She is clad in golden robes and appears to be actively participating in the event, possibly guiding or facilitating the petrification process. Her presence introduces a sense of divine agency, elevating the narrative beyond mere mortal conflict. The architectural details of the background – the ornate columns, balconies, and decorative elements – suggest a setting of considerable wealth and power, further highlighting the magnitude of the catastrophe.
The color palette is dominated by rich reds, golds, and browns, contributing to the overall sense of drama and opulence. The use of chiaroscuro – the contrast between light and dark – intensifies the emotional impact, drawing attention to key figures and emphasizing the starkness of their transformation. The lighting seems artificial, emanating from unseen sources that highlight specific areas while leaving others in shadow, adding to the unsettling atmosphere.
Subtly, the painting explores themes of power, justice, and divine retribution. The central figure’s actions suggest a forceful imposition of order upon chaos, while the petrification serves as a visual metaphor for the consequences of transgression or defiance. The presence of the winged female figure hints at a higher purpose guiding these events, suggesting that even mortal actions are subject to divine will. The opulent setting underscores the fragility of power and wealth in the face of supernatural forces.