Hieronymus Bosch (folower) – Christ Driving the Traders from the Temple Kobenhavn (SMK) National Gallery of Denmark

The composition presents a scene of forceful expulsion unfolding within and around a monumental architectural structure. A central figure, presumably Christ, stands poised with raised arm, directing his action towards a throng of individuals who appear to be merchants or traders. They are actively engaged in commercial activities – displaying wares on tables, exchanging money, and generally conducting business – within the confines of what seems to be a sacred space.
The architectural setting is complex. A large, arched portico dominates the central area, its structure suggesting both grandeur and enclosure. Behind this portico, two figures are visible within a recessed niche, their presence adding a layer of symbolic depth to the scene. The background reveals an extensive cityscape, densely populated with buildings that recede into the distance under a cloudy sky. This urban landscape provides context for the event, grounding it in a recognizable, albeit stylized, environment.
The artist’s use of color and light contributes significantly to the narratives impact. A muted palette prevails, punctuated by brighter hues used selectively to draw attention to key figures and objects. The lighting is uneven, creating areas of shadow that heighten the drama and emphasize the emotional intensity of the moment.
Several subtexts emerge from a closer examination. The presence of money changers and merchants within what appears to be a religious space suggests a critique of corruption and materialism. Christ’s action can be interpreted as an assertion of spiritual purity over worldly gain, a forceful rejection of commercial exploitation within a sacred context. The scattering of objects – tables overturned, goods strewn about – indicates the abruptness and violence of the expulsion.
The inclusion of numerous figures, each with distinct expressions and postures, creates a sense of chaos and disorder. Some individuals react with anger or resistance, while others appear bewildered or resigned. This variety in response adds complexity to the narrative, suggesting that the impact of Christ’s action is not uniform across all those affected. The overall impression is one of disruption, moral condemnation, and the assertion of divine authority over human activity.