Madonna with Child piercing the Head of the Serpent (’Madonna della Serpe’) Giovanni Battista Gaulli (Baciccio) (1639-1709)

The composition presents a maternal figure seated in a landscape setting, accompanied by a youthful male figure and two angelic beings positioned above. The woman is draped in flowing garments – a pink underdress and a deep blue cloak – that emphasize her serene posture and dignified presence. Her gaze is directed downwards towards the child at her side, suggesting tenderness and protection.
The young boy stands before her, holding aloft a tall cross. His expression conveys a solemnity that contrasts with his youthful appearance. He appears to be standing on or near a coiled serpent, which is partially obscured by foliage and shadow. The serpent’s head seems to be impaled by the lower end of the cross he holds.
The landscape behind them unfolds into a vista featuring water, distant hills, and a small settlement nestled along the shoreline. This backdrop provides depth and context, suggesting a connection between the figures and the wider world. Above, two cherubic angels hover in the sky, their wings spread as if engaged in observation or blessing.
Several layers of meaning are suggested by this arrangement. The serpent’s subjugation through the cross is likely symbolic of the triumph of good over evil, referencing biblical narratives such as the temptation of Adam and Eve and Christs victory over sin. The maternal figure’s presence alongside the child reinforces themes of divine motherhood and intercession. Her gesture – a gentle touch on the boy’s hand – implies guidance and support in his role as a vanquisher of evil.
The landscape, with its depiction of both natural beauty and human settlement, could represent the earthly realm being overseen by these figures. The angels presence further elevates the scene to a spiritual plane. Overall, the painting conveys a complex narrative involving faith, sacrifice, protection, and the ongoing struggle between opposing forces.