Mary of Modena Willem Wissing (1656-1687)

The portrait presents a woman seated in what appears to be a formal garden setting. She is positioned slightly off-center, her gaze directed towards the viewer with a composed and somewhat melancholic expression. The lighting emphasizes her face and upper torso, creating a dramatic contrast against the darker background.
Her attire is elaborate and indicative of high social standing. A rich, dark brown dress with intricate gold embroidery is draped over a lighter, white undergarment that peeks from beneath the neckline. A luxurious red cloak or shawl is casually thrown across her shoulders and arm, adding to the sense of opulence. The jewelry – a pearl necklace and what appears to be an earring – further reinforces this impression of wealth and status. Her hair is styled in a fashionable manner for the period, with voluminous curls cascading around her face.
A significant element within the composition is the presence of a perched parrot beside her. This creature, rendered with considerable detail, introduces layers of symbolic meaning. Parrots were often associated with foreign lands, exoticism, and sometimes, even mimicry or insincerity – qualities that could be used to subtly critique individuals in courtly circles. Its placement so close to the sitter suggests a deliberate inclusion intended to convey something beyond a simple decorative element.
The background is deliberately blurred, hinting at an expansive garden with architectural details visible in the distance. These structures appear classical in style, suggesting refinement and cultivated taste. The foliage framing the scene contributes to a sense of enclosure and privacy, while also evoking associations with nature and fertility.
Overall, the painting conveys a complex interplay of power, status, and perhaps, underlying vulnerability. The woman’s posture and expression suggest an awareness of her position within a hierarchical society, while the parrot introduces a note of ambiguity that invites deeper interpretation. The artist has skillfully employed color, light, and symbolic elements to create a portrait that is both visually striking and rich in subtextual meaning.