Jacopo del Sellaio (Jacopo di Archangelo), Italian (active Florence), 1441/42-1493 – The Reconciliation of the Romans and Sabines Philadelphia Museum of Art

The composition presents a densely populated scene unfolding across a broad horizontal plane. A large gathering of figures dominates the foreground, divided roughly into two groups separated by a central space where interaction and negotiation appear to be taking place. The left group is comprised primarily of armored men on horseback and foot, their attire suggesting military or noble status. They are positioned in a somewhat chaotic arrangement, with gestures indicating both anticipation and restrained tension. On the right side, a similar assembly of figures is visible, also predominantly male and armed, but seemingly more orderly in their positioning.
The central area showcases women dressed in vibrant, flowing garments, arranged around what appears to be a symbolic or ceremonial object – a draped structure that draws the eye toward its center. These women are positioned as intermediaries between the two groups of men, embodying a sense of peace and reconciliation. Their expressions range from solemnity to gentle smiles, suggesting a role of mediation and emotional softening within this potentially volatile situation.
Behind the immediate foreground action, a landscape stretches into the distance. A rocky outcrop rises on the left, while a gently sloping hillside leads towards a distant city or settlement visible on the horizon. This backdrop provides spatial depth and suggests a broader context for the events unfolding in the foreground – a civilization or community brought together after conflict.
Several banners are prominently displayed throughout the scene, adding to the sense of ceremony and official sanctioning of this event. The flags bear heraldic imagery that likely holds symbolic meaning within the narrative being depicted. The artist’s attention to detail is evident in the rendering of individual faces and garments, contributing to a feeling of realism despite the stylized poses and composition.
Subtly embedded within the scene are indications of power dynamics and social hierarchy. The armor and weaponry of the men on horseback suggest authority and military strength, while the women’s attire and central positioning imply a role in maintaining social harmony and facilitating political alliances. The overall impression is one of carefully orchestrated diplomacy, where martial prowess is tempered by feminine influence and symbolic gestures aimed at establishing lasting peace.