Steen, Jan Havicksz. – De kwakzalver, 1650-1679 Rijksmuseum: part 1

The scene unfolds outdoors, likely in a rural setting, with a large tree dominating the left side of the composition and a glimpse of buildings visible through the foliage on the right. A small group has gathered around a makeshift table constructed from a barrel. The central figure, elaborately dressed in a red hat and ornate collar, appears to be addressing the onlookers. He gestures animatedly, his expression suggesting persuasive oratory.
Several individuals are depicted with varying degrees of engagement. Some seem captivated by the speaker’s words, while others display skepticism or amusement. A man with a white headscarf leans forward attentively, while an older gentleman, leaning heavily on a walking stick, observes with a critical gaze. The overall impression is one of a public spectacle, perhaps a traveling salesman or charlatan attempting to peddle his wares or services.
Attached to the tree is a broadside – a printed notice – which likely details the speaker’s claims and remedies. Several small objects dangle from it, possibly samples or promotional items. A young boy stands near the tree, holding what appears to be a surgical instrument – a hook – suggesting a medical connection to the proceedings.
The lighting is uneven, contributing to a sense of realism and highlighting certain figures while casting others in shadow. The color palette is muted, dominated by browns, grays, and dark greens, which reinforces the somber and somewhat cynical tone of the work.
Subtly, the painting conveys a commentary on human gullibility and the prevalence of quackery during the period. The speaker’s flamboyant attire contrasts with the simple clothing of many of his audience, hinting at a disparity in social status and perhaps suggesting that those less educated or financially secure are more susceptible to deception. The presence of the surgical hook introduces an element of potential danger or exploitation, further complicating the narrative. Ultimately, the work seems to offer a wry observation on human nature and the enduring appeal of promises, however dubious they may be.