Portrait of James Stuart, Duke of Richmond and Lennox Jacobus Houbraken (1698-1780)

Here we observe a formal portrait rendered in monochrome engraving. The subject is a gentleman depicted from the chest upwards, positioned slightly off-center within the composition. He gazes directly at the viewer with a measured expression; his eyes convey a sense of intelligence and perhaps a touch of melancholy. His hair, styled in loose curls characteristic of the period, frames a face marked by subtle lines suggesting maturity and experience.
The gentleman is adorned in elaborate attire indicative of high social standing. A richly textured fur collar encircles his neck, cascading down over a dark garment that appears to be a doublet or coat. The detailing suggests considerable wealth and access to luxurious materials. A broad sash, draped across his chest, further emphasizes the formality of the presentation.
The background is deliberately subdued, consisting primarily of architectural elements – what appear to be columns – which serve to isolate the figure and direct attention towards him. A heavy curtain, elaborately folded and arranged, forms a frame around the subject, adding depth and theatricality to the scene. The curtain’s folds are meticulously rendered, demonstrating the engravers skill in capturing texture and light.
At the base of the composition, resting on what seems to be a table or ledge, lie several symbolic objects: a crown and a book. The presence of the crown immediately suggests nobility and hereditary right; its placement at his feet implies a deferential acknowledgement of authority rather than an assertion of power. The book, likely representing learning or governance, reinforces this notion of responsibility and intellectual capacity.
The inscription beneath the image clearly identifies the subject as James Stuart Duke of Richmond and Lennox. This textual element anchors the portrait within a specific historical context, confirming his aristocratic status and lineage.
Subtly, the composition conveys an impression of restrained dignity and quiet authority. The gentleman’s direct gaze establishes a connection with the viewer, inviting contemplation rather than demanding deference. The careful arrangement of symbolic objects and the formal presentation suggest a desire to project an image of responsibility, intellect, and noble heritage – a carefully constructed persona intended to solidify his position within the social hierarchy.