Pieneman, Jan Willem – De prins van Oranje bij Quatre Bras, 16 juni 1815, 1817-1818 Rijksmuseum: part 2

The canvas presents a scene of intense military action, likely a pivotal moment in a battle. A central figure, mounted on a powerful white horse, dominates the composition. He is positioned slightly forward and elevated relative to the surrounding chaos, suggesting authority and command. His posture – a raised hand seemingly issuing orders – further reinforces this impression. The man’s attire, characterized by a formal military uniform with elaborate detailing, distinguishes him from the other soldiers present.
The immediate foreground is littered with fallen figures, both uniformed and civilian, indicating significant casualties. A palpable sense of disarray pervades the lower portion of the painting; bodies are strewn across the ground, and individuals appear to be struggling amidst the turmoil. The artist has employed a muted palette – primarily browns, grays, and ochres – to convey the grim reality of warfare.
Behind the central figure, a dense mass of soldiers engages in combat. Their faces are largely obscured by shadow or lost within the throng, emphasizing their role as collective forces rather than individual heroes. Smoke billows from the right side of the scene, obscuring details and contributing to the overall atmosphere of confusion and violence. A stone building is visible through the smoke, providing a backdrop to the conflict.
The lighting in this work is dramatic; it highlights the central figure while casting much of the battlefield into shadow. This selective illumination serves to draw attention to his role as a leader amidst the carnage. The artist’s brushwork appears loose and energetic, particularly in depicting the smoke and movement of the soldiers, conveying a sense of immediacy and chaos.
Subtly, there is an element of romanticism present. While the scene depicts brutal conflict, the central figures heroic pose and the majestic bearing of his horse elevate him above the surrounding suffering. This suggests a desire to portray not just the horrors of war but also the ideals – courage, leadership, and duty – that motivate those who participate in it. The painting seems to be an attempt at glorifying a moment of military history while simultaneously acknowledging its human cost.