Leyden, Jan van – De Hollanders steken Engelse schepen in brand tijdens de tocht naar Chatham, 20 juni 1667, 1667-1669 Rijksmuseum: part 2

The composition presents a maritime scene dominated by conflict and destruction. Here we observe a fleet of ships engaged in what appears to be a deliberate act of arson against vessels moored along a shoreline. The foreground is crowded with figures actively participating in the burning; they are depicted on small boats, wielding torches or other incendiary devices towards the English ships. These individuals appear determined, their actions suggesting a coordinated attack rather than random chaos.
The central focus lies upon several engulfed ships, vividly rendered by the artist through the use of fiery oranges and yellows that contrast sharply with the darker tones of the water and surrounding structures. Smoke billows upwards, obscuring portions of the sky and contributing to an atmosphere of intense heat and turmoil. The English flags atop the burning vessels are a clear indication of their identity and the nature of the assault.
In the background, a fortified town is visible, its architecture suggesting a European coastal settlement. This placement establishes a sense of location while also implying that the depicted event has significant strategic implications for the region. A scattering of other ships can be seen further out at sea, some appearing to be part of the attacking fleet and others seemingly observing the unfolding events from a distance.
The artist’s use of light is noteworthy; it highlights the drama of the scene while simultaneously casting shadows that add depth and complexity. The overall effect is one of controlled violence – not merely a depiction of battle, but an orchestrated act of destruction intended to inflict damage and demoralize the enemy. Subtly, the painting conveys a sense of Dutch naval power and its capacity for aggressive action against England. It’s likely meant as a record of a specific historical event, imbued with patriotic sentiment and designed to commemorate a victory or demonstrate military prowess.