Solimena, Francesco – De verheerlijking van de heilige Dominicus, 1710-1785 Rijksmuseum: part 2

The composition presents a complex and layered narrative unfolding within a celestial realm. A central figure, presumably divine, is positioned at the apex of the scene, radiating light and gesturing towards a man seated on a cloud below. This individual, identifiable by his habit and the presence of symbols associated with him – a lily and a book – is clearly the focus of veneration. He appears to be ascending, lifted upwards amidst swirling clouds and a multitude of figures.
The lower portion of the painting is dominated by a chaotic scene of struggle and defeat. Demons or malevolent spirits are depicted in various states of torment and submission, being subdued by other figures who appear as saints or blessed individuals. These figures, clad in robes and carrying religious paraphernalia such as crosses and palm fronds, actively engage with the demonic entities, suggesting a triumph over evil. The artist has rendered this lower section with a darker palette and more agitated brushwork, contrasting sharply with the luminous upper portion.
A significant number of other figures populate the cloudscape – some appear to be souls being welcomed into heaven, others are engaged in acts of adoration or prayer. Their expressions range from ecstasy to reverence, contributing to the overall atmosphere of spiritual exaltation. The presence of a dove near the divine figure reinforces themes of sanctity and divine guidance.
The use of light is particularly noteworthy. It emanates primarily from the central figure, illuminating the scene and creating a sense of otherworldly grandeur. This dramatic chiaroscuro enhances the emotional impact and directs the viewers attention to key elements within the composition. The artist’s handling of color – the rich blues and reds of the robes against the pale yellows and whites of the clouds – further contributes to the visual dynamism.
Subtly, the painting explores themes of divine intervention, spiritual ascension, and the eternal struggle between good and evil. The depiction of the vanquished demons suggests a victory over temptation and sin, while the elevation of the central figure underscores his sanctity and power. The multitude of figures involved in the scene implies a collective journey towards salvation, emphasizing the communal aspect of faith.