Courbet, Gustave – Landschap met rotsen en waterval, 1872 Rijksmuseum: part 2

The canvas presents a rugged landscape dominated by imposing rock formations and a cascading waterfall. The composition is structured around a central vertical axis formed by the cliff face, which rises dramatically from a foreground pool of water. Dense foliage – primarily trees and shrubs – frames the scene on both sides, softening the harshness of the stone while simultaneously emphasizing its scale.
The artist’s handling of light contributes significantly to the overall mood. A diffused, overcast sky casts a muted glow across the terrain, preventing stark contrasts and instead fostering a sense of atmospheric depth. The water reflects this subdued light, creating a mirror-like effect that doubles the visual weight of the rock face. Patches of sunlight filter through the foliage, highlighting individual leaves and branches and adding subtle variations to the otherwise somber palette.
The texture is rendered with considerable attention to detail. The rough surfaces of the rocks are suggested through visible brushstrokes and tonal gradations, conveying a sense of geological age and permanence. In contrast, the vegetation appears more loosely applied, creating a textural counterpoint that enhances the feeling of natural growth and vitality.
Beyond its purely descriptive qualities, the painting seems to explore themes of natures power and resilience. The waterfall’s forceful descent suggests an unstoppable force, while the rocks themselves appear weathered but unyielding. The presence of vegetation clinging to the cliff face hints at life’s ability to persist even in seemingly inhospitable environments.
The absence of human figures or structures reinforces this focus on the natural world, inviting contemplation of its inherent beauty and grandeur. It is a scene observed rather than inhabited, suggesting a deliberate distancing from human intervention and a desire to capture the essence of an untouched wilderness. The subdued color scheme and lack of dramatic incident contribute to a contemplative atmosphere, encouraging quiet observation and a sense of connection with the landscape.