Venice enthroned between Justice and Peace Veronese (Paolo Cagliari) (1528-1588)

The composition presents a hierarchical arrangement centered around a seated female figure, presumably embodying a personification of civic authority. She is positioned on an elevated throne, richly adorned with crimson and gold fabrics, suggesting power and dominion. Her posture is regal; she holds a tall scepter in her right hand, further emphasizing her status. The backdrop behind her features a stylized sky with swirling clouds, creating a sense of grandeur and otherworldliness.
Flanking the central figure are two female personifications, each engaged in an action that contributes to the overall allegorical meaning. To the left stands a woman clad in red and white garments, holding a sword extended towards the viewer. The sword is a traditional symbol of justice and military power, suggesting the enforcement of laws and protection of the realm. On her right, another woman, dressed in green and gold, offers an olive branch – a universally recognized emblem of peace – towards the same direction.
At their feet rests a sculpted lion, its mouth open as if roaring or issuing a decree. The lion is a common heraldic symbol associated with strength, courage, and nobility. Its placement at the base of the composition anchors the scene and provides a visual foundation for the allegorical figures above.
The color palette is dominated by warm tones – reds, golds, and yellows – which contribute to an atmosphere of opulence and authority. The use of light is dramatic; it highlights the central figure and the gestures of the flanking women, drawing the viewers attention to their symbolic actions.
Subtly, the painting conveys a message about the delicate balance required for effective governance. Justice (represented by the sword) and Peace (symbolized by the olive branch) are presented as complementary forces, both essential for maintaining order and prosperity within a state. The lion’s presence suggests that these virtues must be upheld with strength and resolve. The overall effect is one of idealized civic virtue, portraying a vision of a just and peaceful society under strong leadership.