Valdes Leal, Juan de (Seville 1622-1690) – Feast of the Exaltation of the Cross (61x108 cm) c.1680 J. Paul Getty Museum

The composition presents a densely populated scene unfolding outdoors, likely within a city setting given the architectural backdrop. A large wooden cross dominates the central space, drawing immediate attention and establishing its thematic importance. The cross is surrounded by a multitude of figures, arranged in layers that suggest depth and create a sense of bustling activity.
To the left of the cross, a prominent figure in ecclesiastical vestments – a bishop or high-ranking cleric – is positioned near the structure. He appears to be presiding over the event, his gesture directing attention towards the cross itself. A group of individuals clad in black robes and clerical attire surrounds him, forming a solemn retinue. Their faces are largely obscured, contributing to an atmosphere of reverence and formality.
The right side of the painting is filled with a more diverse crowd. Soldiers in armor stand guard, their presence suggesting a ceremonial or official nature to the proceedings. A group of onlookers, some kneeling, others standing, observe the scene with expressions ranging from piety to curiosity. The inclusion of children among the spectators hints at the communal and intergenerational significance of this event.
The background is characterized by a dramatic sky – a swirling mix of dark clouds and patches of light – that adds an element of theatricality and emotional intensity. A building, possibly a church or cathedral, rises on the left side, its architecture providing a sense of scale and grandeur. The use of light and shadow throughout the painting creates a dynamic interplay that emphasizes certain figures and areas while obscuring others, guiding the viewers eye through the complex arrangement.
Subtleties within the scene suggest layers of meaning beyond a simple depiction of an event. The contrast between the solemnity of the clerical figures and the more animated expressions of the crowd hints at differing levels of understanding or engagement with the central symbol. The soldiers’ presence implies not only order but also potential conflict or protection, adding complexity to the narrative. The overall impression is one of a significant religious ceremony, imbued with both reverence and social significance within its historical context.