Pieneman, Jan Willem – Allegorie op de dood van Willem V, prins van Oranje, 1806, 1806 Rijksmuseum: part 4

The composition presents a scene steeped in allegorical significance, dominated by a sense of mourning and transition. A female figure, draped in classical robes – a combination of gold-toned fabric and a deep blue shawl – occupies the foreground, her posture conveying profound sorrow. She stands before a stone monument bearing an inscription that is partially obscured but clearly identifies it as relating to Prince de Oranje. Her gaze is directed downwards, suggesting grief or perhaps resignation. The bare feet contribute to the impression of vulnerability and immediacy.
Above this central figure, hovering in a luminous cloudscape, are two winged figures – putti – engaged with an elaborate medallion. One cherub reaches out towards it, seemingly presenting it, while the other appears to be adjusting its position. This placement suggests a celestial endorsement or recognition of the event being depicted. The light emanating from this upper section illuminates the scene and draws attention to the symbolic elements.
At the base of the monument lies a lion, rendered with considerable detail and realism. A laurel wreath rests upon its head, an emblem typically associated with victory and honor. However, the lion’s posture – its head lowered and paws resting on the ground – implies defeat or submission. Scattered around the lion are what appear to be broken weapons, further reinforcing this sense of loss and the end of a period.
The background is composed of dense foliage, rendered in muted tones that contribute to the overall atmosphere of melancholy. The use of chiaroscuro – the dramatic contrast between light and dark – intensifies the emotional impact of the scene, highlighting key figures and objects while obscuring others.
Subtly, the painting explores themes of mortality, legacy, and the transition of power. The female figure likely represents a personification of grief or perhaps a symbolic representation of the nation mourning its leader. The cherubs and medallion suggest divine sanction or acceptance of the loss. The lion, despite its regal symbolism, is subdued, indicating that the era it represented has come to an end. The broken weapons signify the cessation of conflict or struggle associated with the deceased prince’s reign. Overall, the work conveys a sense of solemnity and reflection on a significant historical moment.