Antonio Vivarini – Altar of Saint Jerome, center; Saint Jerome, Saint Mark, Saint Ambrosius Kunsthistorisches Museum

The composition presents a triptych arrangement, dominated by a central figure flanked by two others. The overall effect is one of solemnity and reverence, characteristic of devotional art intended for private or semi-public display.
Here we see a man positioned centrally, his posture upright and commanding. He wears a vibrant red ecclesiastical garment, its folds meticulously rendered to suggest both weight and dignity. A long white beard cascades down his chest, emphasizing age and wisdom. In his hands, he holds open books, suggesting scholarship and the transmission of knowledge. Behind him, faintly visible through a gauzy veil, rises a cityscape – a symbolic representation perhaps of the earthly realm or a specific location associated with his life. The architectural details are simplified but contribute to a sense of depth and context.
To the left stands a figure in blue robes, barefoot and holding a book and what appears to be a writing instrument. His gaze is directed towards the central figure, indicating respect or perhaps seeking guidance. The pale skin tone contrasts with the richer hues of the other figures, drawing attention to his humility.
On the right, another man, clad in elaborate black robes adorned with red accents, stands holding a staff and what appears to be a small container. His expression is serious, and he too looks towards the central figure, reinforcing the hierarchical structure of the composition. The details of his vestments suggest high ecclesiastical rank.
The color palette is restrained but effective. The deep reds and blues create visual contrast while maintaining a sense of harmony. Gold leaf accents highlight key elements – the halos above each figure’s head, the architectural details in the background, and certain decorative motifs on the garments – further emphasizing their sacred nature.
Subtly, the arrangement suggests themes of faith, learning, and authority. The central figures posture and attire imply a position of spiritual leadership or profound understanding. The presence of books underscores the importance of scripture and intellectual pursuit within the religious context. The flanking figures serve as attendants or disciples, reinforcing the hierarchical structure inherent in religious devotion. The architectural backdrop hints at a connection between the earthly and divine realms.