Unknown artist – Het melkkoetje, satire op het uitbuiten der Nederlanden door de prins van Oranje, 1639 Rijksmuseum: part 3

The composition presents a complex allegorical scene centered around a cow being milked by a figure mounted on horseback. The artist has arranged several characters in a theatrical manner, creating a layered narrative that blends political commentary with pastoral imagery.
On the left side of the painting, a woman dressed in opulent attire stands observing the central action. Her posture and expression suggest a detached yet knowing awareness of what unfolds before her. Behind her, a group of figures are depicted as spectators, their faces conveying a range of emotions from amusement to concern.
The focal point is dominated by the man on horseback, who appears to be forcefully milking the cow. He is dressed in military attire and wears a distinctive orange plume, which immediately draws attention. The cow itself lies prone, seemingly resigned to its fate. A smaller figure kneels nearby, actively participating in the milking process.
To the right of the central action stands another man, similarly attired and bearing a resemblance to the rider on horseback. He appears to be overseeing the proceedings with an air of authority. The arrangement suggests a deliberate pairing or connection between these two figures.
Above the scene, inscribed text provides further insight into the painting’s meaning. It references a queen offering hay, highlighting a contrast between benevolent assistance and exploitative actions. The phrases The Prince of Orange Milkd the Cow and allusions to King Philip’s misdeeds reinforce the satirical intent.
The overall effect is one of pointed criticism disguised within a seemingly innocuous pastoral setting. The cow, likely representing the Netherlands, is being exploited by a powerful figure – presumably a veiled reference to William of Orange. The inclusion of the spectators and the queen adds layers of complexity, suggesting broader societal complicity or awareness of the situation. The artist’s use of allegory allows for a nuanced critique of political power dynamics while maintaining plausible deniability through symbolic representation.