Cornelisz. van Oostsanen, Jacob – De kruisiging, 1507-1510 Rijksmuseum: part 3

The composition presents a crowded scene centered around a central vertical axis: a wooden cross bearing a figure in torment. The artist has structured the work into distinct zones, each contributing to the overall narrative and emotional impact.
Above the cross, a celestial realm unfolds. Here we see angels hovering, their wings spread wide, seemingly observing the events below. A banner with an inscription hangs directly above the crucified figure, presumably identifying him. Beyond this heavenly sphere, a landscape stretches into the distance, punctuated by architectural elements – towers and buildings suggesting a city or settlement.
The lower portion of the painting is dominated by a throng of figures arranged in groups. To the left of the cross, several women are depicted, their expressions conveying grief and sorrow. One woman, clad in red, gestures dramatically towards the scene, her posture embodying profound lamentation. Another figure, draped in blue-green robes, appears to be weeping openly. These female figures likely represent Mary, mother of the crucified man, and other mourning witnesses.
On the right side of the cross, a group of armed men on horseback is visible. Their presence suggests the Roman soldiers responsible for the crucifixion. The details of their armor and weaponry are rendered with considerable precision, indicating an interest in portraying historical accuracy or at least a contemporary understanding of military attire. A soldier holds aloft a flag or standard, further emphasizing their role as agents of authority.
At the foot of the cross, several objects lie scattered on the ground: a skull, a chalice, and what appears to be a small panel containing an image – perhaps a portrait. These items likely carry symbolic weight, referencing themes of sacrifice, redemption, and remembrance. The inclusion of the skull is particularly significant, alluding to mortality and the consequences of sin.
The color palette employed by the artist is rich and varied. Deep reds, blues, and greens dominate the foreground, contrasting with the lighter tones used for the sky and distant landscape. This contrast enhances the sense of depth and draws attention to the central figures. The use of light and shadow creates a dramatic effect, highlighting the suffering of the figure on the cross and emphasizing the emotional intensity of the scene.
The overall impression is one of profound solemnity and tragedy. The artist has meticulously arranged the elements within the composition to evoke feelings of pity, sorrow, and contemplation. The juxtaposition of the earthly realm with the celestial sphere suggests a spiritual dimension to the event being depicted, hinting at themes of divine justice and ultimate salvation.