Vanmour, Jean Baptiste – Turkse vrouw, 1727-1737 Rijksmuseum: part 3

The composition presents a woman in what appears to be elaborate Ottoman-inspired attire. She stands posed before a draped backdrop, her body angled slightly towards the viewer while her gaze is directed outward, suggesting a sense of self-possession and perhaps even aloofness. The setting seems to indicate an interior space, though details are minimal beyond the heavy fabric curtain that forms the background.
The woman’s clothing is particularly noteworthy. A dark, flowing robe dominates the visual field, accented by a broad sash at the waist and a fur-trimmed collar. Her headwear consists of a turban adorned with what seems to be red fabric or feathers, adding a touch of exoticism. In her right hand, she holds a fan, partially obscuring part of her arm and contributing to an air of refined leisure. The overall effect is one of opulent display.
The artist’s use of light contributes significantly to the paintings impact. Light falls primarily on the woman’s face and upper body, highlighting her features and emphasizing the richness of her garments. Shadows are deep and enveloping, creating a sense of depth and mystery within the space. The limited color palette – dominated by dark greens, blacks, and muted tones – further enhances this atmosphere of restrained elegance.
Subtextually, the work likely reflects European fascination with Ottoman culture during the 18th century. This period saw increased trade and diplomatic contact between Europe and the Ottoman Empire, leading to a surge in interest – and often romanticized depictions – of Turkish customs and dress. The woman’s posture and expression suggest an attempt at portraying her as both exotic and dignified, while the lavishness of her attire underscores the perceived wealth and power associated with the Ottoman court. It is probable that this painting served not only as a portrait but also as a visual document intended to convey information about – or perhaps construct an image of – a culture viewed from afar. The artist’s focus on surface details – the fabrics, jewelry, and elaborate headwear – suggests a desire to capture the perceived essence of “Turkishness” rather than offering a deeper psychological portrait.