Exhibition "Russian Troika" Automatic translate

The exposition is open in the exhibition halls of Sytny Dvor

The Russian troika is considered one of the symbols of Russia. Not only fast driving is associated with it, but also Russian prowess, unrestrained joy and even the restless mystery of the Russian soul. Despite its exceptional popularity, the origin and time of the appearance of the Russian troika have not been established. The exhibition in the Kolomenskoye Museum-Reserve tells the story of the famous team - the halls of the Sytny Dvor showcase: painting, sculpture, rare books, documents, archaeological finds, harness, transport, decorative and applied art - almost 700 exhibits from 20 state museums and several private collections.

“To understand the essence of such a phenomenon as the Russian troika, it is important to have an idea of ​​some moments and details that at first glance seem to be unrelated. For example, the history of horses, the rules for their maintenance, the types of carts and harnesses, the methods of decorating them, the development of the Yamskaya chase and the postal service in Russia. Another unique phenomenon associated with the troika is the coachman culture. In the exposition we tried to present the amazing history of the Russian troika, which continues not only in literature, art, music and folklore, but also in living culture, in each of us ”, - Natalya Polonnikova, historian, curator of the project.

The history of horses, their maintenance and care is an important section of the exhibition, because not every horse is suitable for the Russian troika. Visitors can get acquainted with the breeds, colors, gaits and some general basics of harnessing horses, thanks to paintings, graphics, lithographs, books and sculptures from the collections of the Biological Museum. K. A. Timiryazev, the Darwin Museum and the Scientific and Art Museum of Horse Breeding of the Russian State Agrarian University-Moscow Agricultural Academy named after K. A. Timiryazev.

There are five types of harness with a triplet, but only one of them has received the name "Russian troika". The secret of the speed of movement of the troika is that the riders jump at a gallop, and the rootstock - at a trot. Its speed qualities were quickly appreciated by the state and put into service for the delivery of urgent reports and mail. The exhibition presents several historical documents of the 17th-19th centuries. : the earliest - “Decree of Tsar Fyodor Alekseevich to the head of the Yamsk order, okolnich A.P. Golovin, on the manufacture of caftans with images of red eagles on their backs for drivers who chase along the Smolensk and Novgorod roads so that they are not detained on the road and called cheaters”1680 from the Russian State Archive of Ancient Acts. Among the exhibits, you can also see the layout "Mail Transportation",which was presented at the All-Russian Exhibition in Moscow in 1880 from the collection of the Central Museum of Communications named after A.S. Popov.

Gradually, the troika gained widespread popularity and love. The driving speed ranged from 22 to 41 km / h. An unforgettable impression was made not only by the racing troika itself, but also by two more important details: the rich decoration of the harness and the ringing of bells with bells, which could be heard several miles away. Visitors to the exhibition will see arched bells, bells of the late 19th - early 20th centuries. from the collection of the Polytechnic Museum, bells of the 10th-13th centuries, arches from the middle of the 12th century, signal horns of the 19th century. from the Novgorod Museum-Reserve and the National Museum of Music.

As for the decoration of the harness, copper heels, brushes made of a leather patch, garus, metal or paper and multi-colored braided leather straps, as well as painted arcs, were used for it. The greatest demand for beautiful carved arcs with painting was noted in the middle of the 19th century. The exposition presents clamps, arcs, fragments of harness from the mid-19th - early 20th centuries. from the collections of the Kolomenskoye Museum-Reserve, the Museum of Communications. AS Popov, as well as the Russian Ethnographic Museum, in particular, the reins donated to this museum by Nicholas II.

Troikas were harnessed to a variety of carts. A carriage, a wagon, a tarantass, a wagon, a sled, a chaise, a carriage, a convertible, a chaise - the variety of wheeled (summer) and skid (winter) carts in Russia was truly enormous. In the halls of Sytny Dvor you can see sleighs and tarantasses of the early 20th century from the collection of the Kolomenskoye Museum-Reserve, as well as models and models of transport from the late 19th - second half of the 20th centuries. from the Russian Ethnographic Museum and the Rostov-Yaroslavl Architecture and Art Museum-Reserve.

The Russian troika is also associated with such a phenomenon as coachman culture: clothes and shoes, fur blankets, coachman’s equipment, songs, epics, folk legends, superstitions, fortune-telling, stories about crisis situations and unusual cases, folk anecdotes. One of the spaces where coachmen’s stories are used are inns and post stations, taverns, the history of which is illustrated in the exposition. Shown here are a coachman costume from the mid-19th century from the Russian Museum of Ethnography, postcards and photographs from the Russian State Library of Arts, items from the National Museum of Music and the Museum of Moscow.

The Russian troika has always amazed foreigners who came to Russia. In 1911, the troika first came to the World Exhibition in London, after which it was a repeated participant in world exhibition events throughout the twentieth century. Displaced by road and rail transport, having found itself in oblivion, the tradition of riding the Russian troika still managed to remain an important part of the modern world.

The exposition features several interactive zones, information kiosks, games, sound and video visualizations. To prevent the viewer from getting lost in history and specific terms, a booklet in the form of an explanatory dictionary called “Russian Troika. From A to Z".