Electronic signatures in EDI:
types, application and legal nuances Automatic translate

Electronic signatures are a key element of electronic document management (EDM), providing legal significance to digital documents. They allow companies to exchange documents securely and quickly, eliminating the need for paper document management. However, different types of signatures have different levels of protection and legal force, which is important to consider when choosing a document management system.

Types of electronic signatures

Within the framework of EDI, three main types of electronic signatures are used:

• Qualified electronic signature (QES) – has the highest level of protection and legal force, is equivalent to a handwritten signature. It is used in the document flow of government agencies, banks, when concluding contracts with a high degree of responsibility.
• Enhanced unqualified electronic signature (UES) – provides a sufficient level of protection, but requires additional agreements between the participants in the document flow. It is used in corporate systems, for internal documents.
• Regular digital signature (RDS) – used in non-critical processes that do not have strict legal requirements. For example, when coordinating working files within a company.

Application of electronic signatures in different areas

Electronic signatures are actively used in various areas of business and public administration:

• Government services – signing reports, contracts and requests to government agencies.
• Financial sphere – remote opening of accounts, processing of loans and confirmation of transactions.
• Personnel electronic document management ) PEDM ) – execution of employment contracts, maintenance of personal files of employees, approval of personnel orders.
• Commercial document flow – signing contracts, invoices, commercial proposals, procurement documents.
• Education and science – use of electronic signature for reporting, publication of scientific research, registration of patents.

Legal requirements for the use of electronic signatures

To work with electronic signatures, it is necessary to comply with legal regulations:

• Federal Law No. 63-FZ “On Electronic Signature” regulates the use of signatures in electronic document management.
• Cryptographic standards – electronic signatures must comply with data protection requirements and be certified.
• Document storage – companies are required to ensure that signed documents are archived and protected in accordance with regulations.
• Use of qualified certification authorities – issuance of QEP is possible only through accredited certification authorities.

How to choose the right electronic signature

When choosing an electronic signature, it is important to consider:

• Data protection level – for financial transactions and government contracts, a CEP is required; for internal tasks, a UEP is suitable.
• Cost – CEP requires contacting a certification authority and paying for the certificate, while UEP can be organized within the company.
• Scope of application – for international transactions it is important to consider the possibility of recognition of an electronic signature abroad.
• Integration with existing systems – EDI should support convenient use of electronic signatures in the company’s internal processes.

Electronic signatures play an important role in ensuring the security and legal significance of digital document flow. Companies using QES, UES and ODS can significantly speed up internal processes, reduce paper archives and increase the level of control over documents. Competent use of signatures in various areas of business allows you to increase work efficiency, minimize legal risks and meet the modern requirements of the digital economy.