Laser Engravers:
CO2, Fiber and Diode Automatic translate

Vladimir Petrov, leading specialist in laser equipment at rustan.ru :

“Over twenty years of working with industrial equipment, I have observed the evolution of laser technology. Today I will tell you about the three main types of laser engravers that our clients most often choose.”

CO2 Lasers: Time-Tested Technology

Carbon dioxide lasers remain the gold standard for most engraving applications. The active medium, a mixture of carbon dioxide, nitrogen and helium, generates radiation with a wavelength of 10.6 micrometers. This characteristic makes CO2 lasers universal for processing non-metallic materials.

The main advantage of carbon dioxide systems is the high beam power at a relatively affordable cost. Models with a power of 40 to 150 W cope with the engraving of wood, acrylic, leather, textiles. The quality of the cut is clean, the edge is melted.

Disadvantages are related to the maintenance of the gas mixture and the need for regular adjustment of the optical system. The service life of the laser tube is 8000-10 000 hours with proper operation.

Fiber Lasers: Precision and Durability

Fiber lasers represent a new generation of equipment with active fiber doped with rare earth elements. The radiation wavelength of 1.06 micrometers provides excellent absorption by metals.

Structurally, the fiber laser consists of a diode pump, active fiber and a cooling system. The efficiency reaches 30-35%, which is three times higher than CO2 systems. The service life exceeds 100,000 hours.

Fiber technology is indispensable for marking steel, aluminum, titanium alloys. The engraving depth is regulated by changing the feed rate and the number of passes. The minimum line thickness is 0.01 mm.

Diode lasers: compact and cost-effective

Semiconductor laser diodes operate at wavelengths of 405-980 nm. The compact design without gas components makes diode systems attractive for small businesses and hobby applications.

The main advantages include low power consumption, instant switching on and minimal maintenance requirements. The power of modern diode modules reaches 20-40 W, which is enough for engraving wood, plastic, anodized aluminum.

The limitations are related to low processing speed and difficulty in obtaining deep cuts. Diode lasers are more suitable for surface engraving and creating decorative images.

Practical recommendations for selection

When choosing the type of laser engraver, I take into account the specifics of the client’s production. I recommend CO2 systems to advertising agencies, furniture workshops, and souvenir manufacturers. High productivity pays for the maintenance costs.

Fiber lasers are chosen by mechanical engineering companies, jewelry workshops, and manufacturers of medical instruments. Marking accuracy and equipment durability are critical in these industries.

Diode engravers are suitable for startups, educational institutions, home workshops. The low entry threshold allows you to master laser technology without large investments.

Instead of a conclusion

Which type of laser is best for beginners?

The diode laser will be the optimal choice due to its ease of setup and safety of operation. Low power reduces risks in case of improper handling.

Is it possible to engrave metal with CO2 laser?

Direct engraving of metal with a CO2 laser is not possible due to low radiation absorption. Special coatings or marking pastes must be applied.

What is the service life of different types of lasers?

Diode lasers last 10,000-20,000 hours, CO2 tubes 8,000-12,000 hours, fiber systems more than 100,000 hours of continuous operation.

What materials cannot be processed with a laser?

It is strictly forbidden to process PVC, polycarbonate, and materials containing chlorine. When heated, toxic gases are released that destroy optics and are hazardous to health.