Geological surveys:
main tasks and scope of work Automatic translate

What tasks are set for geological surveys? In what cases are geological studies required, the scope of work and the significance of the technical report.

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The designed building must be reliable and stable. The installed utility lines must be installed in conditions that are safe for them. Roads and railways must be wear-resistant and resistant to external and underground influences. In many respects, all this can be ensured by engineering and geological surveys. They allow us to accurately understand not only the current state of soils, but also to predict the development of the situation in the future.

The Promterra company carries out geological surveys for objects of individuals and legal entities, taking into account regulatory requirements and regulations on quality, regulations for the execution of work and methods of their implementation.

What are the challenges facing geological exploration?

In the process of geological surveys , engineers are faced with the task of studying the geomorphological characteristics of the area. This means that research work is being carried out on the analysis of relief and geological structure, which is accompanied by the compilation of topographic maps and geological sections. To this we need to add the study of the hydrological regime of the area. The main objectives are also the following:

• justification of the technical feasibility of construction on the selected site;
• study of the geological conditions of the area;
• analysis of soil composition to select the type of foundation;
• making forecasts for changing conditions.

Who needs geology research?

When starting to design and construct objects, it is necessary to take into account their area. If for buildings and structures it exceeds 1500 m2 ^or has more than two floors, the construction will not be approved by any state commission without performing a full range of geological surveys. This is regulated by many SNiPs, GOSTs, and joint ventures. This requirement is also set out in the Town Planning Code of the Russian Federation. Saving on geological surveys can lead to gross and unacceptable violations of the construction process.

What is included in the research

The composition is adjusted depending on the characteristics and scale of the object. The technical specifications from the customer are of fundamental importance. On its basis, a work program is developed. As they are completed, additional positions may be added. In general terms, geological surveys may include the following:

• stamp testing of soils and their probing;
• stationary observations;
• analysis of deformation processes;
• performing soil surveys of existing buildings;
• study of geophysical conditions;
• drilling wells for sampling;
• performing laboratory tests;
• calculations based on the actual bearing capacity of soils;
• risk assessment for facilities;
• development of recommendations and forecasts.

Preparation of reporting documentation for geology

Engineering surveys have standard requirements for the preparation of reporting documentation. This is specified in GOST 21.301-2014. All points regarding the composition of documentation, design of inscriptions, links, and graphic materials must be strictly observed. The reliability of the presented results is important. The extent to which this requirement is met depends on the geological work performer. For this reason, research must be carried out by organizations with SRO approval, their own accredited laboratory, equipment and experience in performing all necessary procedures.

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The technical report is undergoing state examination. In case of discrepancy or violations, it is returned until the errors are eliminated. A more complex case is if the technical report violates the reliability of the geological results. It is possible that it will be returned without the right to use the site for construction. If the regulatory and technical requirements are met, the technical report successfully passes the state examination.