Sentimentalism in Russian Culture Automatic translate

At the end of the century, a new trend appears in Russian literature - sentimentalism (from French sentiment - feeling). The most famous representative of this trend was N. M. Karamzin (the novel "Poor Lisa"), whose work was in the 90s. the outgoing century, completing itself, like the work of A. N. Radishchev, the history of literature of the XVIII century.

In painting, instead of the conventional methods of icon-painting, the laws of realism enter into practice. Already in the first quarter of the XVIII century. the concept of genre diversity begins to take shape. Gradually, the secular plot begins to occupy the main place. In addition to portraiture, historical appears. But it is still closely connected with the ancient Russian traditions of depicting battles.

Only with the creation of the Academy of Arts in 1757 did historical painting begin to appear as an independent genre. The first large historical painting can be considered the work of A. P. Losenko (1737-1773) “Vladimir and Rogneda”, although the historical genre was not unique to him. G.I. Ugryumov (1764-1823) was especially attracted to the themes of national history. Painted in the style of classicism, the paintings “The Election of Mikhail Fedorovich to the Kingdom”, “The Capture of Kazan”, etc., with all their compositional conventions and theatricality, had a huge impact on the development of Russian historical painting.

Portraiture is striking in its diversity: front, chamber, full-length, breast, double. One of the founders of Russian portraiture was I.N. Nikitin (1690-1742). The first self-portrait was written by A.M. Matveev (1701 - 1739): "Self-portrait with his wife Irina Stepanovna." Of particular note is the portrait thumbnail. One of the most talented portrait painters was F. S. Rokotov (1735-1808), who mastered the art of the Western European ceremonial portrait. In his later works, the transition from sophisticated Rococo to the clarity and severity of classicism was common for Russian art. D. G. Levitsky (1735-1822) in his best works (portraits of A. F. Kokorinov, P. A. Demidov) managed to combine the solemn elation of the image with the features of naturalness and everyday life, with a sharp perception of the materiality of the surrounding accessories, revealing the profession, social affiliation, interests of the depicted person. Many works of the artist were bought by foreigners, and now they are in European museums, in particular in the Louvre.

In the works of V. L. Borovikovsky (1757-1825) in the mid-90s. most clearly in Russian art embodied the traits of sentimentalism. In contrast to the official estate portrait, he developed the type of image of a “private man” whose feelings are most fully manifested against the backdrop of a park landscape. These include portraits of Catherine II, where the Empress is depicted in a salop and with Italian greyhound for a walk in Tsarskoye Selo Park, good weather in Bryansk and Moscow. But at the beginning of the XIX century, he gradually turns to the aesthetics of classicism. In an effort to portray strong, energetic people, the artist emphasizes in them such features as citizenship, nobility, dignity of human nature (portraits of A. A. Dolgoruky, V. L. Borovsky).