Expressionism 
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One of the directions of modernism is called expressionism. This name comes from the Latin word expressio, which means "expression". The emergence of expressionism is associated with a severe social crisis in the first quarter of the last century, which was the result of the First World War and revolutionary upheavals. The term "expressionism" was first used in 1911 by the founder of the German magazine "Storm" Walden, and the peak of the development of a new direction fell on the period from 1905 to 1920.
The work of expressionist artists expressed their protest against the ugliness and imperfection of bourgeois civilization, the reality in it was displayed subjectively, fantastically grotesquely, exaggeratedly emotionally and intentionally irrationally, which distinguished a new direction from impressionism, in which the world of primary sensory sensations formed the basis of the artistic image. The boundaries between the characters of the paintings and the environment that surrounded them were destroyed. The most prominent representatives of expressionism were the artists of Austria and Germany.
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Among those with whom expressionism began, that is, its predecessors, are most often called the Dutchman Vincent Van Gogh, the Frenchman Paul Gauguin, the Swiss F. Hodler, the Belgian J. Ensor and the Norwegian Edward Munch, but the artists developed the basic principles of this direction best of all creative association "Bridge" (M. Pekhshtein, E. L. Kircher, K. Schmidt-Rottluf, E. Heckel). Expressionism is increasingly opposing itself to aesthetics and naturalism, affirming the idea of a thickening of the motives of pain and screaming, increased affectation, direct emotional impact on the person’s deep subconscious. In the work of expressionist artists, the principle of expression of emotions prevails over the image itself.