Constructive drawing of a human head 
Automatic translate
Having mastered the constructive drawing of the bone base of the human head, which is a skull, you can go to the drawing of the human head.
The first knowledge in the drawing of the human head must be acquired using gypsum copies of the human head, which are copied from works of high artistic culture, as a nature. These works are sculptures of ancient authors and authors of the Renaissance, who conveyed to us the ideal beauty of a human god. The ideal model for works of ancient culture is the perfection of plastic forms created on the basis of the canon.
Introduction
The canon determined the norms and rules, adhering to which, in the process of creating a work of art, one could approach the ideal. The ideal for the Greeks is a man-god in a divine world built according to certain laws, in the likeness of the earthly world, which, in general, is harmony. Harmony in the architectural and sculptural works of the Greeks is the laws of proportional structure, the relationship of parts to the whole. What in the future (namely, in the Renaissance) began to be called the "golden ratio", or "divine proportions."
The proportionality of the proportional relations of parts and the whole in the sculptural works of the above epochs brings up a culture of perception in us, teaches a meaningful approach to constructive knowledge of the shape of the human head.
The advantages of drawing a person’s head from a plaster cast over the same drawing from a living nature for beginners are obvious. The first is the static position of nature. Only when faced with a living model in the drawing, does the student first realize how “live” this model is in comparison with the gypsum model. What sometimes even have to be regretted, so you must be prepared for such a transition. The second is the homogeneity of the material and color of the model, which gives great opportunities in acquiring skills in modeling the shape of light and shadow, while maintaining the integrity of its perception.
In the future, having acquired a certain experience of drawings from gypsum copies and, most importantly, knowledge, you can proceed to educational drawings of a person’s head from a living model.
Despite constructive unity, people do not look alike. We all have a number of individual characteristics that are unique to us. This is a character that you will fully encounter in the tasks of drawing a human head from a living model. Even the sculptural works of ancient masters, created taking into account the canon, have characteristic differences, not to mention the sculptural works of the Renaissance. A characteristic confirmation of this is the comparison of the head of Venus of the Milos antique author with the head of Gattamelata of the Renaissance sculptor Donatello. But living models are especially characteristic.
The character in the drawing of a person’s head will be more of an interest to us from the point of view of the construction of the form, rather than the portrait similarity (although - with proper conduct of the constructive drawing - the portrait similarity will be obvious).
Work on a constructive drawing of a person’s head will consist of two parts. In the first part of the figure, you will get acquainted with the construction of the human head and the influence on it of the construction of the skull, that is, the bone base. In the second part - with a tonal pattern of the human head and the possibilities of this pattern.
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