L´Arlesienne (Madame Ginoux) Vincent van Gogh (1853-1890)

The portrait presents a seated woman in profile, her gaze directed towards the viewer. She is positioned against a dark background that emphasizes her figure and creates a sense of isolation. The composition is structured around a strong diagonal line formed by her posture; she leans on her arm, which rests upon a stack of books.
Here we see a deliberate simplification of form. Facial features are rendered with broad strokes and an almost stylized quality, eschewing detailed realism in favor of conveying character through expression. Her mouth curves slightly upward, suggesting a quiet composure or perhaps a hint of melancholy. The eyes possess a directness that engages the viewer, yet they also convey a certain introspection.
The artist employed a limited palette dominated by earthy tones – greens, browns, and yellows – which contribute to a somber atmosphere. Brushstrokes are visible and energetic, adding texture and dynamism to the surface. The fabric of her clothing is rendered with swirling patterns that contrast with the more static quality of her face. A light-colored scarf draped around her neck provides a visual counterpoint to the darker tones of her jacket.
The presence of the books on the table introduces an element of intellectualism or perhaps a connection to literature and learning. They also serve as a compositional anchor, grounding the figure within the space. The arrangement suggests a moment of quiet contemplation, a pause in activity.
Subtly, there is a sense of dignity conveyed through her posture and attire. While not lavish, her clothing appears neat and well-maintained, suggesting a person of modest means but possessing an inherent self-respect. The overall effect is one of restrained emotion and understated presence; the woman’s character seems to be revealed more through suggestion than explicit declaration.