Mercurio y Argos Diego Rodriguez De Silva y Velazquez (1599-1660)

The painting depicts a scene from classical mythology, specifically the story of Mercury and Argus. In the foreground, two figures are prominently displayed. On the left, a figure identified as Mercury is depicted in a reclining pose, wearing a red garment draped over his body. His body is turned away from the viewer, and his head is visible in profile. He appears to be either asleep or playing a musical instrument, which is not clearly visible.

To the right, a figure identified as Argus lies on the ground, his body partly covered by a greyish cloth. His head is turned towards Mercury, and his eyes are closed, suggesting he is asleep. Argus is famously known for having one hundred eyes, and in this depiction, at least some of these eyes are visible closed on his head, implying that Mercury has managed to lull him into a deep slumber.

The background of the painting is dark and somewhat ominous, with a suggestion of a rocky or mountainous landscape under a night sky. The overall mood is one of suspense and clandestine action.

Subtexts:

• The Triumph of Cunning over Brute Force: The central theme of the painting is the story of Mercury outsmarting Argus. Argus was a giant appointed by Juno to guard Io, whom Jupiter had transformed into a cow. Mercury, sent by Jupiter, used his musical talents to play so enchantingly that he put all of Arguss hundred eyes to sleep, thus enabling Ios escape. The painting emphasizes Mercurys intelligence, charm, and skill in overcoming a formidable, albeit less intelligent, guardian.
• Deception and Trickery: Mercurys actions are inherently deceptive. He uses charm and music to achieve his goal, highlighting the idea that wit and persuasion can be more effective than force.
• The Power of Art/Music: The implied or visible presence of music is a key element. Mercurys lyre or pipes are his weapon, and the painting can be interpreted as a testament to the power of art to soothe, distract, and ultimately achieve liberation.
• Sleep and Vulnerability: The complete slumber of Argus makes him vulnerable. This can symbolize the state of being unaware or defenseless, and how even the most vigilant can be overcome when their guard is down.
• Divine Intervention/Intervention in Mortal Affairs: The story itself is a product of the gods interference in mortal and nymph affairs. Mercury acts on Jupiters behalf, illustrating the complex relationships and interventions that characterized Greek mythology.
• The Unseen Threat: While the focus is on the sleeping Argus, the viewer is aware of Mercurys presence and his intent, creating a sense of tension and anticipation for what will happen next (Ios escape).

The painting, through its composition and subject matter, explores themes of strategy, the effectiveness of subtle manipulation, and the dramatic consequences of divine interventions in classical myths.