Lorenzo Costa – The Adoration of the Shepherds with Angels Part 4 National Gallery UK

The composition presents a scene unfolding within a shallow, stage-like space. A central group, consisting of a woman draped in blue and a bearded man with reddish-brown hair, occupies the foreground. The woman is positioned slightly behind a swaddled infant lying on the ground; her posture suggests reverence and tenderness as she gazes down upon it. Beside her stands the bearded man, his hand resting gently on her shoulder, conveying support and shared contemplation.
Flanking this central grouping are two figures identified as shepherds, their attire suggesting rustic origins. One shepherd kneels in a gesture of humble adoration towards the infant, while the other observes with an expression that blends curiosity and awe. The arrangement of these individuals creates a pyramidal structure, drawing the viewers eye toward the baby at its apex.
Behind this group rises a rocky outcrop, densely covered with foliage, which serves as a backdrop and visually separates them from the celestial realm above. A multitude of figures populate the upper portion of the canvas; they are arranged in tiers within a cloudy sky. These individuals appear to be spectators or participants in a divine spectacle, their faces exhibiting expressions ranging from solemnity to ecstatic joy. Two winged beings extend their arms upwards, seemingly directing attention towards the scene below.
The color palette is dominated by blues and reds, creating a sense of both serenity and vibrancy. The use of light is carefully controlled; it illuminates the central figures while leaving the background in relative shadow, enhancing the depth and drama of the composition.
Subtly, the painting explores themes of humility, faith, and divine grace. The shepherds’ posture and expressions underscore their role as humble witnesses to a momentous event. The arrangement of the celestial beings suggests a cosmic order, with earthly events reflecting a larger spiritual reality. The dark border framing the scene creates an impression of enclosure, emphasizing the sacredness of the moment depicted within.