Go Jews through the Red Sea. . The second half of XIX century. Rybinsk Wilhelm Kotarbiński (1849-1922)

The canvas depicts a dramatic exodus scene unfolding on a shoreline bordering turbulent waters. A large group of figures, predominantly clad in light-colored garments, are depicted as they traverse a narrow strip of land separating them from the sea. The composition is dominated by movement and a sense of urgency; individuals rush forward, some carrying possessions bundled in cloth, while others appear to be assisting those struggling through the shallow water.
The artist has employed a palette that emphasizes contrasts: the pale hues of the figures are set against the darker tones of the rocks and the stormy sky. The sea itself is rendered with vigorous brushstrokes, conveying its power and potential danger. Waves crash against the shore, threatening to engulf those attempting to cross. Light emanates from an unseen source above, illuminating a central figure carried aloft in what appears to be a palanquin or elaborate canopy. This individual, presumably of significant importance, stands out due to their elevated position and the reverence shown by those surrounding them.
A palpable tension permeates the scene. The expressions on the faces of the figures range from anxiety and determination to exhaustion and fear. Several animals – including what appears to be a dog – are also present, adding to the sense of chaos and displacement.
Beyond the literal depiction of a biblical narrative, the painting seems to explore themes of deliverance, faith, and collective struggle. The precariousness of their situation – the narrow landmass, the threatening sea – suggests vulnerability and dependence on divine intervention. The emphasis on community and mutual support hints at the importance of solidarity in times of adversity. The artist’s choice to focus on the moment of transition – the perilous crossing from one state to another – implies a broader commentary on journeys, both physical and spiritual, and the challenges inherent in overcoming obstacles. The subdued color scheme and dramatic lighting contribute to an atmosphere of solemnity and reverence, elevating the scene beyond a simple historical depiction.