Cornelis Mortier – North and South Pole, 1720 Antique world maps HQ

The artwork presents a complex allegorical depiction of the Arctic and Antarctic regions, framed within a celestial sphere. Two circular projections dominate the composition: one representing the North Pole and the other, the South. These are not presented as accurate geographical renderings but rather as symbolic landscapes – the Arctic depicted with sparse markings suggesting landmasses, while the Antarctic is left largely blank, signifying its unexplored nature at the time of creation.
Above each polar projection floats a group of figures amidst swirling clouds. At the North Pole, winged figures, likely representing celestial beings or personifications of virtues, hold aloft a banner inscribed with text. The South Pole’s depiction features similar figures, though their arrangement and gestures differ slightly, contributing to a sense of asymmetry within the overall design. These upper registers establish a connection between the earthly realm and the heavens, suggesting divine oversight or influence over these remote regions.
Below each polar projection, allegorical groups are arranged on tiered platforms. The North Pole’s group includes figures in classical garb, seemingly engaged in observing the Arctic landscape. One figure gestures towards the depiction of the pole, while others appear to be taking notes or engaging in scholarly discussion. This suggests a European intellectual interest and attempt at understanding these distant lands. The South Poles platform features a similar arrangement, but with a more dramatic presentation – figures are shown pointing upwards, perhaps indicating awe or wonder at the unknown expanse of Antarctica.
A band of figures occupies the lower edge of the artwork, arranged in a semi-circular formation. These individuals appear to be presenting themselves or offering tribute towards the central polar depictions. Their varied attire and poses suggest a representation of different nations or cultures involved in exploration and trade.
The color palette is dominated by blues, greens, and browns for the landmasses, contrasted with vibrant reds and golds for the allegorical figures and celestial elements. The use of light and shadow creates depth and emphasizes the symbolic nature of the scene. The text at the top provides a title in French, further contextualizing the work within European intellectual circles.
Subtexts embedded within this artwork revolve around themes of exploration, knowledge acquisition, and the relationship between humanity and the natural world. The blankness of Antarctica underscores the limits of human understanding and the allure of the unknown. The allegorical figures highlight the cultural and political motivations behind polar expeditions – a desire not only for geographical discovery but also for prestige and potential economic gain. The overall composition conveys a sense of European ambition and intellectual curiosity directed towards expanding the boundaries of knowledge and dominion.